Das
Tao Te King
von
Lao Tse
Chinese - English by
Kwok, Palmer, Ramsay, 1993

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1

The Tao that can be talked about is notthe true Tao.
The name that can be named is notthe eternal Name.
Everything in the universe comes outof Nothing.
Nothing - the nameless is the beginning;
While Heaven, the mother is the creatrixof all things.

Follow the nothingness of the Tao,
and you can be like it, not needinganything,
seeing the wonder and the root ofeverything.

And even if you cannot grasp this nothingness,
you can still see something of theTao in everything.

These two are the same only calledby different names
- and both are mysterious and wonderful.

All mysteries are Tao, and Heaven istheir mother:
She is the gateway and the womb-door.

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2

Beauty and mercy are only recognized bypeople
Because they know the opposite, whichis ugly and mean.

If the people think they know goodness
Then all they really know is whatevil is like!

Nothing, and Heaven share the sameroot -
Difficulty and ease are a part ofall work.

The long and the short are in yourhands,
Above and below exist because theyeach do,
What you want and what you say shouldbe the same...
Neither future nor past can existalone.

the sage has no attachment to anything,
and he therefore does what is rightwithout speaking
by simply being in the Tao.

Life, all life began without words.

Life is made-and no one owns it.

The Tao is neither selfish nor proud.

The Tao is generous and graceful inwhat it does
Without ever claiming any merit

And the sage's greatness lies
in taking no credit.

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3

If the sage refuses to be proud
then people won't compete for hisattention:

If the sage does not buy treasures
Then the people won't want to stealthem:

If the sage governs with vision
Then his people will not go wrong.

So in his wisdom, he restrains himself:

- by not being greedy for food

- by not dominating the State

- by keeping himself healthy and fit.

The sage always makes sure
that the people don't know what he'sdone,
so they never want to be in control-
and are never driven by ambition.

He keeps them in truth like this actinginvisibly.

You see, if there is nothing to fightfor
then there is nothing that can breakthe flow.

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4

The Tao pours out everything into life-
It is a cornucopia that never runsdry.

It is the deep source of everything-
it is nothing, and yet in everything.

It smooths round sharpness
and untangles the knots.

It glows like the lamp
that draws the moth...

Tao exists, Tao is
but where It came from I do not know.

It has been shaping things from beforethe First Being,
from the before the Beginning of Time.

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5

Heaven and earth are not like humans.

The Tao does not act like a human.

They don't expect to be thanked
for making life,
so they view it without expectation.

Heaven and earth are like a pair ofbellows:
they are empty, and yet they can neverbe exhausted.

Work them, and they produce more andmore

- there's too much talking, it's reallybetter to stay quiet.

There are too many laws, when all youhave to do
is to hold on to the centre.

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6

The Tao is the breath that never dies.

It is a Mother to All Creation.

It is the root and ground of everysoul

- the fountain of Heaven and Earth,laid open.

Endless source, endless river
River of no shape, river of no water
Drifting invisibly from place to place

... it never ends and it never fails.

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7

Heaven and earth are enduring.

The universe can live for ever,
because it does not live for itself.

And so both last - outliving themselves.

The sage guides his people
by putting himself last.

Desiring nothing for himself,
he knows how to channel desires.

And is it not because he wants nothing
that he is able to achieve everything?

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8

The sage's way,
Tao is the way of water.

There must be water for life to be,
and it can flow wherever.

And water, being true to being water
is true to Tao.

Those on the Way of Tao, like water
need to accept where they find themselves;
and that may often be where watergoes to the lowest places, and that is right.

Like a lake the heart must be calmand quiet
having great depth beneath it.

the sage rules with compassion,
and his word needs to be trusted.

the sage needs to know like water
how to flow around the blocks
and how to find the way through withoutviolence.

Like water, the sage should wait
for the moment to ripen and be right:

water, you know, never fights

it flows around without harm.

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9

Hold yourself back from filling yourselfup,
or you'll tip off your stand.

You can hammer a blade until it's razor-sharp-
and in seconds, it can blunt.

You may amass gold and jade in plenty
but then the more you have, the lesssafety...

Are you strutting your wealth likea peacock?
Then you've set yourself up to beshot.
You bring about your own disaster
Because you've got too much.

Let go, when your work is done:

That is the Way of Heaven.

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10

Can you nurture your souls by holdingthem
in unity with the One?

Can you focus your ch'i - your energy
and become as supple, as yieldingas a baby?

Can you clear your mind of all itsdross
without throwing out the Tao withit?

Can you do it without self-interest
so you shine like a diamond?

Can you love the people of your nation
without being pulled into action?

Can you turn yourself around and letHer rise up over you?

The world spans out in four directions-
and can you be as embracing?

Birthing, nurturing and sustaining:
the Tao does this unceasingly...

It gives without holding on to whatit's made,

It gives everything essence, withoutreward

It knows, without flaunting it

It is serene, beyond desiring

- and this is its Virtue and its Source.

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11

Thirty spokes on a cartwheel

Go towards the hub that is the centre

- but look, there is nothing at thecentre
and that is precisely why it works!

If you mould a cup you have to makea hollow:
it is the emptiness within it thatmakes it useful.

In a house or room it is the emptyspaces
- the doors, the windows - that makeit useable.

They all use what they are made of
to do what they do,

but without their nothingness theywould be nothing.

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12

The five colours blind the eye -

The five notes deafen the ear...

The five tastes deaden the mouth:

Riding the chase on horseback overthe fields
drives you crazy when you overdo it;

And wanting what's precious
you do what distorts your being.

The sage knows this in his gut,
And is guided by his instinct

and not by what his eyes want.

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13

Most people fret about themselves andtheir status,
but you don't have to do this.

What is success and what is failure?

If you have prestige and favour,
all you worry about is that it'llget taken away.
And if you have a lowly place,
you are still basically afraid.
So both, at the root, make for fear.

What does it mean that success is aproblem?

It means people are too bound up inthemselves.
If they weren't so self-obsessed
they'd have no need to be worried.

If you can put yourself aside -
then you can do things for the wholeof the world.
And if you love the world, like this
then you are ready to serve it.

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14

When you gaze at something but see - nothing;

When you listen for a sound but cannothear it;

When you try to grasp it and find ithas no substance

- then these three things
That go beyond your mind
Are moulded together in the One.

Its surface doesn't shine, but noris its base dull.

Given this, it is only knowable asa no-thing.

Confront it - it has no head;

Come behind it, and it has no tail...

If people could follow the ancientway,
then they would be masters of themoment.

And if you know this way
then you have seen the timeless wayof the Tao.

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15

In ancient times, the leaders were assubtle as sorcerers.

No one knew what they were about todo.

How can we describe them to you?

They were like soldiers about to crossa cold river,
hesitant, watchful and uncertain.

They were cautious like people whoknow
there is danger.

They were over-polite, like practisedguests.

They gave way like ice, melting

They were simple like uncarved wood

They were empty like deserted valleys

They were muddy like unreflecting water.

The mud will settle, and it is hardto wait for it.
But if you can, then you can act.

If you follow the Tao without pretension
You will never burn yourself out.

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16

The sage rules from the purest motives
Relying wholly on quiet and innerpeace.

He watches the seasons rise and fall

And if he knows how things grow, heknow

They are fed by their roots

And return to their roots;
To grow and flower and flow.

Every thing must have its roots,
and the tendrils work quietly underground.
This quite feeding is the Way of Nature.

If you understand ch'ang - this principleof nurturing,
you can understand everything.
Not understanding it will lead youto disaster.

If a sage knows this, he can rule
And he will do so with patience andjustice.

Any man can become wise in this
And he can walk the Way of Heaven

And if you walk that way
you will be royal in the mastery

Life can end in pain
But if you live like this,
under the Tao

You will fill your days with breath.

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17

The highest form of government
Is what people hardly even realizeis there.

Next is that of the sage
Who is seen, and loved, and respected.

Next down is the dictatorship
That thrives on oppression and terror-

And the last is that of those who lie
And end up despised and rejected.

The sage says little -

and does not tie the people down;

And the people stay happy
Believing that what happens
happens, naturally.

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18

When the Great Tao is lost sight of -
Then people have to try to be kindand gentle.

They try to compensate by being clever
But this only breeds hypocrisy andsleight-of-hand.

When families fall out
relationships sour into useless formality.

When the nation is misled and in chaos
ministers mouth empty promises.

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19

If the sage could abandon his wisdom andskill,
Then everyone would be a hundred timesbetter off.

If the sage could let go of holdingthe scales,
Then everyone would flow in the webof harmony...

And if the sage can give up lookingto gain,
Then there will be no theft or exploitation.

Now while these three things are important
they are not enough:

The people themselves need to learnsimplicity.

They shouldn't need to know more thanthey do,
And should have as few things as possible.

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20

Listen, give up trying to be so learned
And things will be a lot easier.

Is there really any difference betweena yes
And a no said insincerely?

Is there really much of a difference
Between being angry and pretendingnot to be?

What the people are afraid of I alsoneed to fear.

And what do most people do? They go
looking for a good time.

They go looking for fool's gold
and auspicious signs.

Only, you see, I am lazy
And I don't give a damn about fameor money.
I am like a child who cannot bringhimself to smile.

What do that people want? Money andthings.
And yet I find I have nothing, andI don't care.
I am as unambitious as any fool.

Most people seem to be bright and sharp
And how do I feel? Like a bluntedsword.

The people, the people are like wavesof sea
And I am drifting between them whereverthey are blown.

And the people, the people are so busy!
But I have nothing to bother about.I am a bumpkin, a lout.

I am different, I am strange.
I live for the Mother.

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21

The Body of The Tao
is a mist beyond your eyes

Tao of No Body,
and yet within it is All Creation.

Like a seed in the dark, and a dimlight
And from it, comes everything.

Root, stem, leaf . . . its essenceis in everything.

Everything is born from this Tao
I say so, and I can prove it!

From the beginning of time until now
the Tao is eternal because it is Creation.

How do I know the Tao is the root ofall being?

Because
I know this.

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22

Learn to yield and be soft
If you want to survive.

Learn to bow
And you will stand in your full height.

Learn to empty yourself
and be filled by the Tao

. . . the way a valley empties itselfinto a river.

Use up all you are
And then you can be made new.

Learn to have nothing
And you will have everything.

Sages always act like this,
and are Children of the Tao.

Never trying to impress, their beingshines forth
Never saying 'this is it', peoplesee what the truth is -

Never boasting, they leave the spacethey can be valued in
And never claiming to be who theyare, people can see them

And since they never argue, no oneargues with them either . . .

So the ancient ones say
'Bend, and you will rule'.

Is this a lie? You'll find it is true.

Be true to yourself, and all will gowell with you.

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23

It is a natural thing
to talk sparingly.

And surely, this is right - becauseeven a great wind
and lashing rain do not go on forever.

It is naturally so. Both Heaven andEarth know it.

And if neither can hold on to suchan outpouring for long
what makes people think they can?

If you follow the Tao,
all you do will belong to it.

If you act with Virtue,
All you do will have its power.

If you lose these -
Then everyway you will be lost.

If you go the Way of Tao, it can onlybe with you.
If you go the Way of Virtue, its puritywill sustain you.

But if you go the way of loss, thenthat will be your name;
And if you cannot trust, no one willtrust you.

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24

A man on tiptoe
can't walk easily.

The man who strides on ahead is boundto tire.

The kind of person who always insists
on his way of seeing things
can never learn anything from anyone.

Those who always want to be seen
will never help others to be.

The showman is never
secretly respected by anyone.

People like these, say the Wise Ones
are as useless as the left-over foodat the feast:

No true follower can relate to them.

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25

Before the world was

And the sky was filled with stars .. .

There was a strange, unfathomable Body.

This Being, this Body is silent

and beyond all substance and sensing.

It stretches beyond everything
spanning the empyrean.

It has always been here, and it alwayswill be.

Everything comes from it, and then
it is the Mother of Everything.

I do not know its name. So I call itTAO.

I am loath to call it 'greater thaneverything',
but it is.

And being greater, it infuses all things
moving far out and returning to theSource.

Tao is Great,
Tao, the Great!

It is greater than Heaven,
Greater than the Earth -
Greater than the king.

These are the four great things,
and the ruler is the least of them.

Humanity is schooled by the Earth;

Earth is taught by Heaven,

And Heaven is guided by the Tao.

And the Tao
goes with what is absolutely natural.

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26

What holds, what you can trust
Is the same as this quietness -
And it is light-hearted.

This quiet light-hearted silence
Is the key to being free from emotion.

The sage never abandons the Tao,
HE never lets its weight out of hissight.

He may live in a fabulous house
But he never gets caught up wantingto -

And though there are always temptations,
He stays unswayed, and smiles.

So why is it that our rulers
Seem so bright, but are
Glib and insubstantial?

Losing the weight of the Tao
Means you lose your root;

And when you can't sit still
You lose
the source.

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27

The sage who goes by the way leaves notraces
The sage who speaks the true law neverslips up -
He never calculates what profit hecan make from what he does.

He keeps out thieves with wisdom! He'snever robbed -
He makes sure the rules are binding,then no one can undo them:

He is aware of everyone, leaving noone uncounted;
He cares like a parent, and wastesnothing.

This is the essence of harmony.

So, a good man is a model for a badone
And, misguided, he is touched by hisgoodness.

Not to follow a teacher here
Or to love his precious message
Is to lose the Way, however cleveryou are -

This is the essence of the matter.

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28

Understand the thrust of the yang -
But be more like the yin in your being.

Be like a valley
that parts to its stream;

Be like a stream
for the earth . . .

And channel it,
so it flows - to the sea.

Be newborn - be free of yourself,
be humble,
be earthy,
be a valley for the whole world.

Be a channel for the energies here-
weave them in a true and practicalway
so they can link up with the Way andbecome one again.

Oneness generates everything:

When the sage rules in the light ofit,
He rules everything.

A wise man never tries to break upthe Whole.

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29

If a rules behaves as if he's inventedthe world,
He will do no good at all.

The earth is a sacred vessel -
and it cannot be owned or improved.

If you try to possess it, you willdestroy it:
If you try to hold on to it - youwill lose it.

Some are leaders, then, and other follow.
Some drift like the wind, and otherdrive hard.
Some are thick-skinned, and otherhave no armour;
And some are the destroyers, and othersthey destroy.

So now you know why

the sage abandons greed,
all false charm -
and every last iota of pride.

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30

The Emperor's advisors will never recommendviolence
if they know what the Tao is.
If you use the strategy of warfare
it can only result in revenge.

After troops have tramped by
only weeds and nettles grow in thebroken ground.
There can be no harvest,
and everyone is left starving.

If you need to take action, only dowhat is necessary.
Never abuse your power.

And if you're successful, don't besmug;
If you are a success, don't trumpetit -
If you think you've won, never overdoit -

Those who use force soon end up withoutit -

And this is not the Way.

And if you do not follow the Way, youwill die.

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31

The guide who walks the Way
Never resorts to violence.

The sage goes to the left side of theEmperor;
while the man of war goes to the right.

Weapons are terrible things -
and no sage will have anything todo with them,
unless there is no alternative.

The sage wants peace and quiet.

No victory is free of grief,
and so to celebrate one is to glory
in the death of innocent people.

No one who revels in death like this
can be true to the Way
or is fit to rule in our world.

At glad times, the place of honouris on the left:
after disaster, it is on the right.
So in the army, the officers standto the left
while the general stands to the right.

So the whole things is staged likea funeral.

When a war kills many, we must mournfor them -
And if you win the war, you must grieveit.

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32

The Tao has no name
it is a cloud that has no shape.

If a ruler
follows it faithfully,
then every living thing under heavenwill say yes to him.

Heaven and earth make love,
And a sweet dew-rain falls.
The people do not know why,
But they are gathered together likemusic.

Things have been given names from thebeginning.
We need to know when we have enoughnames: this is wisdom.

At the beginning of time
The sage gave names to everything- see, and unseen.

A ruler who walks the Way
Is like a river reaching the sea
Gathering the waters of the streams
into himself,
as he goes.

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33

When you know the true being of another,
You can judge -

And if you truly know the Tao
you will be in the light.

It takes force to control people:
but if I am humble, I can never beovercome.

If you know what you have is enough
you will be satisfied.

But if you think you don't have enough
then you will never have enough!

If you follow the Tao, what you arewill last.

You will live, and live, and outliveyourself again.

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34

The Great Tao goes everywhere
past your left hand and your right-
filling the whole of space.

It is breath to every thing, and yetit asks for nothing back;
It feeds and creates everything, butit will never tell you so.

It nurtures all things
without lording it over anything.

It names itself in the lowest of thelow.

It holds what it makes,
Yet never fights to do so:

that is why we call it Great.

Why? Because it never tires to be so.

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35

Everyone will gather to the man
Who rules in the light of the One.

To trust such a being is to live
In true happiness and healing.

Good food and sweet music
May make you stop -
You listen, in passing.

But the Tao: how does it seem?
Oh, tasteless and shapeless by comparison.

You cannot even hear it.
It is even worth trying to?

Yes, my friend
because it is unending.

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36

What is going to be diminished
Must first be allowed to inflate.

Whatever you want to weaken
Must first be convinced of its strength.

What you want to overcome
You must first of all submit to .. .

What you want to take over
You must first of all give to -

This is called discerning.

You see, what is yielding and weak
Overcomes what is hard and strong:

(And just as a fish can't be seen
when he stays down in the deep

don't show your power to anyone).

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37

The Tao goes on forever
wu-wei - doing nothing
And yet everything gets done.

How? It does it by being,
And by being everything it does.

If people and rulers go by this
then every living thing will be well.

And if parts still want to separate
the true leader will use

the centrifugal weight
of this original
unnameable Oneness.

It is simple:

If no one wants anything for themselves
then there can be peace

and all things will know peace

the way music
ends in peace.

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38

The highest kind of man
Has innate goodness,
And that is what he rules with.

The lesser man brags about how goodhe is -
And isn't much good, I can tell you.

A man of Te rules by wu-wei
Doing nothing for himself or of himself.

The lesser man acts from his ego
And what he wants is gratification.

A man who rules with compassion
Acts through it - and no one evenrealizes.

A legal man acts judiciously
But he is still serving his own ends.

And the rigid man uses laws
And if people don't like it, force.

If the true Tao is lost
then morality takes its place.

If that fails, we have 'conscience'.
When that fades, we get 'justice'.

When that disappears, we have the statusquo.

Confusion reigns. No one knows
what's going on. Forecasts
and prophecies abound -
and they are merely a gloss on theTao,
they are the root of all
twisted guidance.

So the sage only looks at what is reallyreal.
He doesn't just look at the surface-
He blows away the dust and drinksthe water . . .
He doesn't just go for the flower
But also for the roots and the fruit.

Blow away the dust, now:
Come to the living water.

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39

From its first days, the universe camefrom the One:
The heavens are one, and clear, andround because of it
The earth is one, and is its firminfused foundation . . .
The spirit force is one, with allit brings into being -
The valley is a oneness, and so itflows and renews all things,
Everything is one - every living thingis one, and alive!
Kinds and lords are one in a kingdomthat is one:
And they can only rule truly becauseof the One.

If Heaven wasn't clear, then the skywould fall down.
If the earth cannot be peaceful, itwill tear itself apart.
If the Spirit cannot bless, then noone will believe in it -
If the valley can't rebirth, thenthe valley will run dry.
If life can't be itself, then lifewill be nothing:
And if the king is nothing, then theworld will be at war.

Everything has both yin and yang init -
and from their rise-and-fall-couplingcomes new life.

The highest authority needs the basementas its base,
And the depths are the foundationof the heights.

That is why rulers call themselveslonely,
like souls in a wilderness who haveno home.
And, in doing so, don't they see then
that their roots lie with the people?

To see yourself as extraordinary
is to stand out like jade among ordinarystones;

but what people ignore - the lonely,and the worthless
is the rock a true leader finds himselfon.

You see, you win by losing - and youlose by succeeding.

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40

The Tao moves
in every direction at once -
its essence is fluid and yielding.

It is the marker of everything underthe sun:
And everything comes
out of nothing.

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41

When the wisest student hears about theTao,
He follows it without ceasing

When the average student hears aboutit
He follows too, but not all the time. . .

And when the poor student gets windof it
he laughs at it like an idiot!
And if he didn't, then it wouldn'tbe the Tao!

That is why the ancient ones said:

The path that is bright seems dull,
And the one who is going towards theTao
Seems, in fact, to be going backwards-
And those who think that the Way iseasy
Will find it extremely hard.

The greatest virtue is to be emptylike a valley.
Those who think they are perfect neverare -
those who feel that they are feelinadequate to the task,
and morals seem to be no more thana contrivance.

A great square has no corners:
A great work is never done with;
A great shout comes from a whisper,
And the greatest of forms
is beyond shape.

Tao without substance -
Invisible -
Ever-creating

Forever creating

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42

The Tao

gives birth to the One:

The One

gives birth tot he two;

The Two

give birth to the three -

The Three give birth to every livingthing.

All things are held in yin, and carryyang:

And they are held together in the ch'iof teeming energy.

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43

The very softest thing of all
can ride like a galloping horse
through the hardest of things.

Like water, like water penetratingrock.
And so the invisible enters in.

That is why I know it is wise
to act by doing nothing.
And how few, how very few understandthis!

People teach in the world
what I know to be true:

if you live violently
that is how you will die.

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44

What really matters most,
Your image or your soul?
What do you care about
You money, or your life?
What's actually the best,
Making it - or losing?

If you pour all your energy into onething,
You're sure to harm the rest of yourbeing
And if you invest it all in profit-
You'll end up losing the whole lot.

If you're not always wanting, you canbe at peace.
And if you're not always trying tobe someone
You can be who you really are

and go the whole way.

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45

A great thing done is never perfect -
But that doesn't mean it fails: itdoes what it is.

Real richness means to act as if youhad nothing,
Because then you will never be drainedof it.

The greatest straightness seems bend,
The greatest ability seems awkward,
And the greatest speech, like a stammering.

Act calmly, not coldly.
Peace is greater than anger.
Tranquillity and harmony

are the true order of things.

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46

'When the Tao runs the world,
the horses work the farms.'
Without Tao

the horses are led into war along theborders.

You see, if people want more and more
it can only lead to disaster.

Greed

is the seed of apocalypse -
it is the rocket-fuel of selfishness:
me, me, me!

If people could only be glad with allthey have,
if they only knew it, they'd be happy.

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47

Without going anywhere,
you can know the whole world.
Without even opening your window,
you can know the ways of Heaven.

You see: the further away you go, theless you know

The sage doesn't need to travel around:
Why? Because he can still understand.

He sees without needing 'to see',
He never does anything, and yet
it all happens.

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48

Usually, people read because they wantto know -
but the more you study the Tao, theless you want knowledge.

And as you want less and less, youcome closer to not-doing.
Wu-wei - this is the way to get thingsdone.

The best way to run the world
is to let it take its course
- and to get yourself
out of the way of it!

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49

'The sage is never opinionated,
He listens to the mind of the people.'

I am kind to people when they are kindto me.
I am kind to them even if they hateme.
Virtue - te - is its own reward.

I trust those who trust me,
I also trust those who have no faithin me:
What I give, I receive.

A sage is self-effacing and mindfulof offence.
He sets himself as his own example.
How shall I treat you, my son?

Like a child.

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50

In the normal way of things
every three in ten live long,
while every three in ten die young-
and for those just passing throughtheir lives
(that is, every three in ten) thechances are the same.

Why is this?
Well, it all depends on how identified
they are with the mundane world ofmatter.

People who know how to live
will never do things that threatentheir lives,
any more than a traveler who knows
will run into a tiger or a wild buffalo.

Living well is like wearing
a kind of armour that nothing canpenetrate.

Living badly is like being attacked!

A practiced sage is invulnerable toattacks
that punch like a buffalo's horn,
that claw like a leaping tiger -
or that stab like a knife in the back.

And why is this?

Because he is impeccable.

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51

Everything streams from the Tao,
Everything is nurtured by Te
Everything is made out of substance.

Everything is created by the Tao ofNature
- and from everything on earth thatsurrounds it.

So every living thing
should bow to the Tao,
the Tao and its Virtue

because they are what it is.

Everything that breathes comes fromthe Tao,
And the Virtue feeds and takes careof it.

They grace things without possessingthem,
They benefit everything but ask fornothing back,
They give themselves into everythingwithout seeking control.

This is the essence
of the original intention.

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52

Every living thing
Comes from the Mother of Us All:

If we can understand the Mother
Then we can understand her children;

And if we know ourselves as children
We can see the source is Her.

And, well, if your body dies -
there's nothing to be frightened about.

If you keep your mouth shut
And stay inside -
Then you'll live a long time.

If you blurt out
What you think to everyone,
Then you won't last long.

Value littleness. This wisdom.

To bend like a reed
in the wind
- that is real strength.

Use your mind, but stay close to thelight
And it will lengthen its glow
right through your life.

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53

If all I know is a fraction -
then all my only fear is of losingthe thread . . .

The Great Way is easy
but people are forever being takendown sidetracks.

They look after the palaces,
But ignore the fields!

The granaries are empty
- but they wear wonderful clothes!

They go about with arms
and gorge themselves on find foodand drink.

How rich they are -
and they have stolen it all from thepoor.

They are the robber barons of now -

This is not the real Tao!

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54

What is build on rock
cannot be pulled down;
What is held lightly
can never be lost.

Meditate on virtue within yourself,
and you will find the benefit of virtue.

Use it as the ground for the family,
and your virtue will last for generations.

Take it as your guidance for the village,
and the place will blossom for yearsto come.

Use it to guide the nation,
and that nation will create abundance.

Be guided by it for the Whole,
and it will flood its way over theworld.

So, look at someone else as you wouldyourself
And treat other families as you wouldyour own;
See your community in other communities,
Think of all countries as part ofyour being
And treasure the world as the roundcentre of everything.

How can I see the would like this?
Because I have eyes.

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55

'Those who have true te
Are like a newborn baby.'

- and if they seem like this, theywill not be stung
by wasps or snakes, or pounced on
by animals in the wild or birds ofprey.

A baby is weak and supple, but hishand can grasp your finger.
He has no desire as yet, and yet hecan be erect -
he can cry day and night without evengetting hoarse
such is the depth of his harmony.

It's stupid to rush around.
When you fight against yourself, itshows in your face.
But if you draw your sap
from your heart
then you will be truly strong.

You will be great.

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56

If you know what it is, don't talk itaway:
If you do, then you don't understand.

Hush, keep it in, and your doorwayshut -
Steer clear of sharpness and untanglethe knots.

Feel your lightness and let it mergewith others,
This, we say, is our basic oneness.

The sage who does this doesn't haveto worry
about people called 'friends' or 'enemies',
with profit or loss, honour or disgrace-

He is a Master of Life, instead.

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57

To rules a nation, use justice
To win a battle - cunning,
But remember: wu-wei is the only trueway.
How do I know this?
I will explain:

The more rules you have, the more unhappypeople are;
And the more weapons there are, theworse things happen.
The more we want luxuries, the morewe abandon simplicity -
And the more laws you pass, the morewe will break them.

So the sage says: I do nothing, andthe people come together;
By leaving them alone I let them beon the path -
By not using my power, they becomerich in themselves.
And if I want to nothing, they willreturn to the essence of their being.

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58

'If you govern with a generous hand -
then your people will be good people.
But if your system is too constricting
then your people will outwit you .. .'

Good fortune, we say, can come fromdisaster:
And the reverse is true as well.

Who knows where all this will lead?

Honesty can flip into deceit in a moment,
People trying to be good can fallinto the dark
And it can take them years to getout of it.

So the sage is like a razor, but hedoesn't cut
He is straight as a die, but not pointedlyso -
He is bright, but not blindingly so. . .

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59

When ruling the world and serving Heaven,
The sage uses simplicity in everythinghe does.

Simplicity comes from letting go ofwhat you want.

If you've been true to yourself earlierin your life
Then te builds up in you like a wellthat never fails.
Nothing is impossible, then - andnothing can stop you.
And if you have no limits - then youcan hold the State.

If the sage can find the Mother ofa Nation
Then he will govern for a long, longtime.

All this comes form his rootednessin the Tao,
The Tao of Ages, the Mountain of VisionAnd Of Wings.

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60

Ruling a big country
Is like cooking a small fish:
You have to handle it with care.

If a sage uses the Tao
Then evil forces have no power:
He doesn't harm people either.

Through te, you see
We have harmony.

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61

A great country is like a low-lying estuary-
It is a place where all the lesserstreams mingle and merge.

Everything comes together there . ..

And a woman wins her man: how doesshe do it?
By using the power of her yin likean anchor,
A still deep bowl
into which it all flows.

This is passiveness.

So if a great country takes a low place
It wins over the trust of a smallerstate;
And if a small country shows humility
It wins the trust of a whole nation.

And it's like this: those who wantto win must yield,
And those who are yielding shouldstay where they are.

A great country needs to grow:
A small one needs protection.

That way, everyone gets what they want-
when the greater learns to be below.

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62

The Tao
is the source of 'the ten thousandthings',

It is the sage's priceless pearl,

And it redeems
everything.

You know, people like to use nice wordsto impress you.
People act nicely to gain your respect-
but even if a person is bad,
neither the sage nor the Tao willdesert him. They accept him.

And when the Emperor is crowned andthe three ministers appointed,
it's better to stay where you areand be with the Tao
than to hurry off with gifts of jadeand a team of four horses.

The old ones 'knew this gesture',
and by ruling this way they were never
guilty of transgressions or errors.

Nothing under Heaven matters more
than this kind of knowing.

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63

The sage does nothing, and so he neverfails -
He holds on to nothing, and so henever loses . . .
Whereas the rest of us always seemto mess up our lives
just at the moment when we seem tobe succeeding!

That's why the sage wants nothing forhimself.
He doesn't want precious things orpossessions.
What is he? A Student OF The Unknowable,
so he doesn't make mistakes like therest of us
but always tries to help us to betrue to who we are
without ever standing in our way.

And so he says: do things wu-wei, bydoing nothing
Achieve without trying to achieveanything -
Savour the taste of what you cannottaste

Make a small thing great, and the fewinto many -
Take on the largest things when they'restill small,
Start the hardest things while they'restill easy.

It's always the person who thinks thingsare easy
that finds them the hardest in theend.

The way he sees it: everything's potentiallytricky,
so he never ends up out of his depth.

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64

When everything is peaceful, don't forgetthe danger;
When things are safe, don't lose youredge -
A brittle thing can break
easily
And a small thing fragment.

So 'act before it happens'.
'order things before chaos breaksout'.

A great tree which takes a crowd tospan its base
Started from being a tiny seed;
And a tower nice sections high beganin the ground.

A journey of a thousand miles startswith the first step.

To act as if you know it all is catastrophic:
and if you try to control it

you will stare into your empty hand.

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65

In ancient times, the shrewdest rulers
Didn't try to give people too muchknow-how.

What did they do? They kept them livingsimply.
So why are people so difficult togovern now?
Because they know too much in theirso-called freedom.

If a leader works deviously,
He will turn the people against him- look and see.
But if you refuse to use that kindof knowing,
Your people will be blessed and happy.

This is where two streams divide:

And if you rule this way
You will be walking the great pathof Te.

Deep Te - this Virtue is everywhere

drawing us all
into our final destiny:

Oneness Of The Source And The Sea .. .

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66

Why is the sea
the king of a hundred tributaries?

Because everything comes down to it-
So it is kingly
By this name.

So a sage that wants to rule the peoplemust be below them.
If he wants to be their leader, hemust be behind them.

If he has no desire to control

then the people will not feel oppressed;

And if he stands before them for theirown sake, and not his

they will not harm him.

Trusted by everyone, no one will tireof him.

What is his secret?
He never competes.
So there is no one else but him.

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67

I have three priceless treasures:
The first is Compassion
the second, thrift

And the third is that I never wantto be ahead of you.

If I have compassion, you will diefor me. I know that.
If I waste nothing, I can give myselfto you all -
And if I don't seem perfect, thenyou'll trust me to lead you.

These days people scorn compassion.They try to be tough.
They spend all they have, and yetwant to be generous
They despise humility, and want tobe the best.

I tell you that ways Death's.

If you have loved your people, youwill know it
they will fight tooth and nail foryou in attack or defense.

This is the protection of Heaven, andyour harvest.

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68

A canny soldier never provokes anyone,
And is never made to lose his temper.

A good fighter never confronts hisenemy head-on:
And those who know how to handle peopledo it humbly.

This comes from the virtue of not-striving,
and from knowing how to link withother people's energy.

Since time gone in the mists

this has been the way to 'pair up'with Heaven.

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69

There is a saying, you know, which soldierhave:

'I never use my force before my enemyuses his.
I'd sooner go back a foot than advancean inch.'

This is called going forward withoutmoving,
Rolling up your sleeve without showingyour arm -
And by not, you defeat him withoutapparently doing anything.

This is like being armed, but no onesees what you have.

Never think your enemy is feeble. That'sdisastrous.

If I do that, I'm bound to lose allI have!

So, you see, when the battle begins
It is the one who seems weakest thatwill win.

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70

My words are really very easy to understand
And be with, and walk in . . . butno one can!

My words have roots, my actions haveprecedents
But people don't see this, and sothey don't see me.

So few of you know or understand me
And so the Tao becomes ever more important. . .

The sage goes round like a supertramp,
Hiding the jade, the jewel he carriesin his inmost heart.

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71

Those who know seem not to know
And those who don't pretend they do-
This is what it means to be flawed.

If you're sick at this, then you'llwin through.
The sage is. He is sick of all faults-
He is sick of being sick. He is well.

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72

When the people lack a sense of awe,
There is bound to be disorder or disaster.

Never oppress them in their own homes,
or interfere with their means of livelihood.

If you don't oppose them,
They won't try to depose you.

So, the sage who really knows himself
never shows himself off to his people-
loves himself, without false pride-

discards the mask, and wears his trueface.

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73

A person who's brash and fearless willdie,
A person who is cautious will survive-

These two are right, and they are wrong
Heaven looks down on both
and who know the truth?

So even the sage admits some thingsare beyond him.

The Tao of Heaven
doesn't struggle, but it wins through

It doesn't ask
yet it always hears the answer -

It doesn't demand
yet things come, because they wantto be

It has no desires
and yet everything works out as ifplanned.

And though the Net Of Heaven is wide
Not even the tiniest whisper escapesit.

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74

If the people are not afraid,
It is useless to try and scare themwith death.

And if people are afraid of death
And you make a point of hanging everycriminal,
Then who would dare to do anything?

Any killing must be done by an officialexecutioner.

If someone else were to do it,
It would be like trying to copy amaster carpenter -

And if you try to cut like him

you will only bloody your own hands!

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75

Why are the people hungry?
Because you crush them with your taxes:
That is why they have nothing.

Why are the people angry?
Because you endlessly impose yourlaws:
That is why they can't take any more.

And why aren't they scared of death?
Because you are voracious and youwant everything.
So what have they got left to lose?

Those who only have a little
really know how to value life.

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76

When a body is alive, it is soft and supple
- it is cold and rigid when it dies.

When plants are alive, they are tenderand trailing
and burnt and brittle when they'redead.

What's iron hard is what is dead, then
And what is fluid and sensuous andrippling is alive . . .

And that is why a huge army
With all its strength and complacencywill be defeated:
Like a great tree
axed down.

Everything hard and strong will comedown,
And everything soft
shall rise, shall overcome.

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77

The Tao of Heaven
is like the tensing of a bow:

- what is above
is drawn down,

- and what's below
is drawn up,

- what has plenty is drawn from
and is given to what doesn't haveenough.

The Heavenly Tao takes from those whohave too much,
And it gives to those who have littleor nothing.

Ah, but the human way is different.
Even the wealthiest leech the poor
So they can have even more.

What kind of person is it
Who has more than they need
And so gives it out, and gives itfreely?

Only a being that is filled with theTao.

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78

Nothing in the world
is softer than water . . .
- but we know it can wear away thehardest of things.

The supple
Overcomes the hard,
And the so-called weak, the strong.

People know this, but no one quitebelieves it.

The sage always shoulders the blame,and the grief
- that is why he is fit to rule

He takes on his nation like a world
As if it was the world

- and so it is.

And the truth is that the truth
is often a paradox . . .

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79

If you've had a real set-to with someone
And you've tried to patch it up -
And there's still some bitterness,what can you do?

I tell you: repay bitterness with good.

Those who practice Te hold credit
- but don't demand repayment.

Those who practice Virtue do theirbit
- and those without it will expectyou to .

The Tao of Heaven
doesn't deal in nepotism -
it just graces good people, like italways has and will.

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80

If a nation could be small, with few enoughpeople
Even if you had the means to producemore, they'd be useless.
Such a people would know that deathis real,
And they wouldn't travel far, evenif they were able to.
They would not vaunt their army ortheir weaponry.
They would count in their heads againand write by hand.
Their food would be simple, but itwould feed them;
Their clothes would be fine, but homely
And they would have fires in theirhomes.

They would be happy with what theyhave!
And even though they'd live alongthe border within earshot
Of their neighbor's cocks at dawn,and the dogs barking,
They wouldn't mind if they never wentthere.

It is enough, for them, to live andlet live.

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81

No one likes the honest truth,
And all fine talk falls short of it.

Real words are never used to seduceyou,
And those that do are no good.

The one who really knows, knows withoutbooks
- the so-called learned know nothing.

The sage holds nothing of himself back-
He uses all he has for you, and thatis his reward.
He gives all he is
and that is why he's rich.

And the Tao of Heaven
feeds everything, and harms nothing

And the sage's Tao
completes it,
without doing anything.

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